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The Clean Air Act is the legislation that empowers the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish and enforce limits on particulate matter and ozone-depleting substances. This act was originally passed in 1963 and has undergone various amendments, expanding its scope to include regulations on air emission standards, and addressing issues related to air quality and pollution. The Act specifically mandates the EPA to create National Ambient Air Quality Standards for harmful pollutants, which include particulate matter and substances that contribute to ozone depletion.

Other options focus on different aspects of environmental regulation. The Clean Water Act primarily deals with the regulation of discharges into navigable waters and the protection of water quality, while the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act focuses on the management of solid waste and hazardous waste materials. The National Environmental Policy Act requires federal agencies to assess the environmental impact of their proposed actions but does not specifically regulate air quality like the Clean Air Act does. Hence, the Clean Air Act is the correct legislation for regulating air pollutants, including particulate and ozone-depleting substances.